Tertiary amino alkylated amides



Patented Aug. 7, 196.

3,048,620 TERTIARY AMINO ALKYLATED AMIDES John D. Spivack, Spring Valley, N.Y., assignor to Geigy Chemical Corporation, Ardsley, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Aug. 3, 1959, Ser. No. 831,019 8 Claims. (Cl. 260-471) The present invention relates to novel and useful tertiary-amino alkylated amides. These new compounds may be represented conveniently by the following formula:

prefer-ably lower alkylphenyl, lower alkoxy phenyl, carbalkoxyphenyl, halophenyl, the

| C H:- C H C O N H:

lower-alkylene-N CH2?HC O-NH:

group, and the wer-alkylene-N-lower-a1kylene-N C H H C O N112) 2 group and R represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical. Throughout this specification lower alkyl and lower alkylene generally signify a group with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

The new tertiary-amino alkylated amides (l) of the present invention are characterized by a wide variety of uses. Thus, they are useful as hardeners for epoxy resins, as antistatic agents for nylon, as acid-corrosion inhibitors, etc. They are also useful as intermediates for the preparation of bridge N-substituted dialkylenetriamines which themselves are useful as corrosion inhibitors. Preferred for use as an effective hardener for epoxy resins are N-methylimino-bis-propionarnide and the like. Preferred compounds (1) for use as antistatic agents for nylon are Z-hydroxyethylimino-bis-propionamide and N-methylimino-bis-propionamide, etc. Preferred as corrosion inhibitors are n-dodecyl imino-bisa ropionamide, n-octadecylimino-bis-propionamide and 2-ethylhexylimino-bispropionamide.

The tertiary-amino alkylated amides according to tl present invention can be obtained in several ways. Or method involves the addition of an amine to an a,/3U1 saturated amide, nitrile or ester, or carboxylic acid. Tl amide is obtained directly when the a,;3-unsaturated amic' is employed. In using the nitrile, the amide EIId-PI'Odllt is obtained on hydrolysis of the nitrile group of the inte. mediate. The use of the afi-unsaturated ester involvr the reaction of the intermediate tertiary amino al-k carboxyl ester with ammonia to yield the desired tertiar amino alkyl carboxamide. The following reactio schemes illustrate these methods:

In the foregoing and subsequent illustrations R and F are as hereinbefore defined.

The first method is further illustrated by the followin reaction, wherein the use of a lower alkylene diamine 1 starting material is exemplified. It is understood that th example is illustrative merely and by no means is it meal to limit the present invention thereto. Thus, not mere] ethylene diamine, but also any other suitable lower alky ene diamine and other polyalkylene polyamines can t used as starting material in this first method of synthesis R R l l (HrNC O CHCH2 INCH2CH2N(CH1CHC ONH-r In a similar manner, siutable a,,B-unsaturated ester acids or salts thereof and nitriles may be employed wit the lower alkylene diamines toproduce intermediat tetrasubstituted compounds which may 'be amidified hydrolyzed, respectively, to produce the tetra-propio1 amides.

An alternate method for the production of the tertiai amino alkylated amides according to the present invei tion involves the adding to an a, 3-unsaturated amid ester, acid or salt thereof, or nitrile, a suitable carbamoy alkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl or cyanoalkyl secondary amin The following reaction scheme is illustrative of this bon atoms. Thus, methylamine, ethylarnine, propylamine,

nethod: butylamines, amylamines, hexylamines, heptylamines,

R R R omt lrrc ONH: 1,NcHi( H oNH,+cH,=( :C o 0 02115 BIN 1 1: 0 HIGH 0 O C 2H5 N H; l

R oHit luc ONH:

R N R 011,011 C ONH:

I Hydrolysis R R R CHn'sHG ONE: R,N 0HihH-o 0NHi+oHi=( 3oN R1N III OHzCHC N As hereinbefore set forth, the use of the nitrile or ester octylamines, nonylamines, decylamines, tetradecylamines, equires subsequent reaction of said nitrile or ester by hexadecylamines, octadecylamines may be used. lydrolysis or amidification with ammonia, respectively, in Similarly, suitable carbamoylalkyl secondary amines, as trder to obtain the tertiary amino alkylamide. well as carbalkoxyalkyl and cyanoalkyl secondary amines In the foregoing alternate method of synthesizing the may be employed. Thus, the corresponding methy1-, ertiary amino alkylamides of the present invention, the ethyl-,propyl-, butyl-, amyl-,hexyl-, heptyl-,octyl-, nonyl-, :,B-unsaturated compound may be replaced by a suitable decyl-, tetradecyl-, heXadecyl-, octadecyl-den'vatives of lalogen compound or sulfate such as the following: these secondary amines may be suitably employed.

Furthermore, unsaturated aliphatic primary amines,

i such as oleylarnine, may be employed. Aromatic amines, XCHI HG ONH? such as aniline, o-, mand p-chloroaniline, anisidine, o-, R mand p-phenylene diamine, 0-, mand p-aminophenol,

| 40 the dichloroanilines, 0-, mand p-nitroanilines, 'etc. may XGHCHON be advantageously employed. The corresponding 00- and R fi-naphthylamines and their derivatives, such as chloro- XCHQAHC O 0 02H naphthylammes and hydroxynaphthylammes, may also be suitably employed. R 5 Many lower alkylene polyamines may be employed to xcmHoooM produce the tertiary amino alkylamides of the present 1 invention, such as for example, ethylene diamine, divhere R is as hereinbefore defined, M is hydrogen, alkali ethylenetriamine, triethylenepentamine, tetraethyleneheptnetal, or the ammonium radical, and X is halogen or amine; also propylenediamine, dipropylenetriamine, tetra- -OSO H. The following reaction scheme illustrates the propyleneheptamine. Similarly other lower polyalkylene we of these compounds: polyamines may be employed.

thus, the tertiary-amino-bis-propionamide can be pro- Particularly suitable a,fl-unsaturated compounds for use luced by suitable substitution reactions, as well as by in this invention are the acrylamides, and methacryladdition reactions as hereinbefore set forth. amides. The a,}3-unsaturated esters such as methylacryl- In the foregoing methods of synthesis it is understood ate, ethylacrylate, and the methacrylates are also very hat many other suitable starting materials, not specifically useful. Acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are also pariamed, may be usefully employed in the practice of the ticularly suitable cap-unsaturated nitriles for the practice Jresent invention. For example, any suitable primary of this invention. 1 amine may be used as starting material, such as primary Still another method of obtaining the tertiary amino saturated aliphatic amines containing from 1 to 18 carreaction of alkylated amides of the present invention inyolves alkylating agents such as alkyl halides or sulfates with suitable iminodiesters, iminodicarboxy-acids, iminodicarboxamides or dinitriles. Any suitable halide, moreover, may be used. For example, the chlorides: methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, butyl chloride, hexyl chloride, octyl chloride, dodecyl chloride, tetradecyl chloride, hexadecyl chloride, octadecyl chloride, and chloride derivatives such as benzyl chloride, also the bromides: methyl bromide, ethyl bromide, propyl bromide, butyl bromide, hexyl bromide, octyl bromide, dodecyl bromide, tetradecyl bromide, hexadecyl bromide, octadecyl bromide, and bromide derivatives, such as benzyl bromide, can be used advantageously.

Suitable sulfates may also be used. Thus, methyl acid sulfate, ethyl acid sulfate, hexyl acid sulfate, lauryl acid sulfate, octadecyl acid sulfate may be used. In a similar manner, although not represented by the illustrative sequence of reactions below, the symmetrical dialkylsulfates may be used: for example, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, diptropyl sulfate, dibutyl sulfate, etc.

This method is especially advantageous when the same groups are the substitutents of the disubstituted secondary amine starting material of this method. Moreover, the desired amide is obtained directly when its substituted amino-alkyl carbamide is employed. Additional steps are required when suitable esters or nitriles are employed as hereinbefore set forth. Of course, if the iminodicarboxyacid is used, then subsequent amidifioation is required. The following scheme of reactions illustrates the use of these alkylating agents in the present invention, without limiting the same thereto:

lNHa Heat l Hydrolysis R1X HN(CHzlOHOONHz)1 RIN(CH2(IJHCONHQ)Z NH: I

R R where R, R and X have the same meanings as hereinbefore defined and M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Other desired tertiary amino alkylamides of the present invention may also be obtained conveniently by replacing the aforesaid alkyl halide or sulfate by a suitable lower alkylene dihalide or disulfate. Any suitable dihalide may be used; for example, ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, propylene dichloride and propylene dibrornide. Sulfate esters also may be used advantageously; for example, ethylene di-acid sulfate, and propylene di-acid sulfate. The following reaction scheme is illustrative of the use of such dihalides and disulfates:

Xomomx inmom-orreorrmn 6 (R and H have the precedingly-defined significances.

Any suitable lower alkylene dihalide or disulfate ails may be used with a suitable iminodicarboxamide. Sim larly, the iminodiester, iminodinitrile, and iminodica; boxylic acids may be employed instead of the iminod canboxamide with subsequent treatment as hereinbefor set forth.

The present invention is illustrated by the followin presently preferred examples, but is by no means r stricted thereto. In all examples, parts are by weight ur less otherwise indicated. The relationship of parts b Weight to par-ts by volume is the same as that betwee grams and milliliters. Temperatures are in degrees cent grade. Percentages are also by Weight.

EXAMPLE 1 M ethylimino-Bis-Propionamide 355 parts of acrylamide (5.0 moles) are dissolved i 500 parts by volume of water and the resultant solutio: is cooled to 10. 152.6 parts of aqueous methylamin (40.6%; 2.0 moles) are added dropwise to said solutio1 over a period of one hour, the temperature of the re action mixture being kept below a maximum of 41 b cooling in an ice-water bath. The reaction solution i heated at to for six hours and concentrate to a pale yellow viscous syrup at 10 to 15 mm. Hg pres sure. (Analysis of the reaction solution at the end 0 the heating period indicates reaction.) The vis cous syrup is triturated with 750 parts by volume 0 methanol and crystallizes spontaneously. The first cro of methylimino-lbis-propionamide crystals is filtered (17 parts) and the filtrate is concentrated by removal of meth anol by distillation. 250 parts by volume of isopropano are added and an additional 102 parts of final produc are obtained. Total yield is 81 percent of theory. Th1 crystals melt at 109 to 110 and upon recrystallizatioi from methanol they melt at Ill-112 after drying.

Analysis.-Basic nitrogen equivalent weight: Calcu lated for C H N O 173. Found, 177.

If, in the present example, 425 parts of methacrylarnidt are used instead of 355 parts of acrylamide, while other 'wise proceeding as herein-before described, the final prod uct methylimino bis-(a-methyl propionamide) is obtained EXAMPLE 2 Ethylenediaminetetraproprionamide 616 parts of ethylenediamine (85.6%, 8.8 moles) an added dropwise over a period of 45 minutes 'while stir ring to an aqueous solution of 2982 parts of acrylamidt (42) moles in 4700 parts by volume of water, the maxi mum temperature being kept at 40 by cooling with 2 Water bath. The reaction mixture is heated at 85 to 90 for four hours and is then concentrated by distillation a 15 mm. Hg pressure until white crystals appear in tht distillation flask. The residual liquors are allowed I( crystallize spontaneously, the crystal slurry being dilutet with an equal volume of methanol and filtered ofi by suc tion. The yield is 2714 parts (91% of theory) 0 N,N,N,N-tetrakis (Z-canbamoylethyl)-ethylenediamint (ethylenediaminetetrapropionamide) melting at 17 l172 Analysis.Nitrogen (Dumas) percent: Calculated fo: C I-1 N 0 24.42. Found, 24.02.

EXAMPLE 3 2-Ethylhexylamine-Bis-Propionamide parts of 2-ethylhexylamine are added dI'OPWTSl over a period of about 20 minutes at 10 to a solutior of 166.5 parts of acrylamide (2.3 moles) in 500 part: by volume of ethanol. The reaction mixture is heater while stirring at 85-90 for 6 hours. The resultant mix ture is then concentrated by distilling off the ethanol a 15 mm. Hg pressure. The residual light yellow oil i; dissolved in ether, freed of precipitated excess acrylamidl by suction filtration, the ether being removed by distil lation at atmospheric pressure and finally at 1.5 mm. Hg

ressure. Analysis of the light yellow oil indicates that t consists of 93.3% 2-ethylhexylimino-bis-propionamide.

EXAMPLE 4 n-Dodecylimino-Bis-Propionamide 185 parts of n-dodecylamine (1.0 mole), dissolved in '0 parts of methanol, are added dropwise at 9 to 11 to L solution of 166 parts of acrylamide (2.3 moles) in 500 arts of methanol while stirring.

The reaction mixture is then heated at 65 while stiring for 16 hours. 100 parts by volume of methanol are hen added and the reaction mixture is allowed to crystalize spontaneously. The n-dodecylamino-bis-propiontmide, in form of white crystals, is filtered ofi', dried in 'acuum at 100 mm. Hg pressure at 60. 274.5 parts are btained (yield of 81.5%). The white crystals melt at .16 to 117.

Analysis.--Nitrogen (Dumas) percent: Calculated for :13H37N3O2, 12.84. Found, 12.41.

Basic nitrogen equivalent weight: Calculated, 327. Found, 327.

EXAMPLE Octadecylimino-Bis-Propionamide 177.5 parts of acrylamide (2.5 moles) are dissolved n 400 parts by volume of methanol. To this methanolic icrylamide solution is added, at a solution of 269 parts of n-octadecylamine dissolved in 500 parts by volime of methanol. The reaction mixture is warmed up :0 about 30, whereupon a moderately exothermic reaction ensues, the temperature rising to 50. When the reaction temperature begins to fall, the reaction mixture ls heated at reflux for 9 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool spontaneously to room temperature. The :rystal slurry is diluted with an additional 400 parts by volume of methanol and the crystals filtered and dried. 373 parts of octadecylimino-bis-propionamide is thus obtained (yield 90% of theory). Octadecylimino bis-propionamide is a white crystalline solid melting at 113 to 115.

Analysis.-Nitrogen (Kjeldahl) percent: Calculated for C24II49N3O2, Found, 10.10.

EXAMPLE 6 Anilino-Bis-Propionamide 93 parts of aniline are dissolved in 150 parts by volume of glacial acetic acid, the solution being heated to about 85. 158 parts of acrylamide are added to the acetic acid solution over a period of 45 minutes; the addition reaction is exothermic and is held to a maximum temperature of 120 by removing the heat source and controlling the rate of addition. After complete addition of the acrylamide, the reaction mixture is heated at 80 to 82 for about 6 hours. The reaction mixture so obtained is diluted with 250 parts of water and made alkaline with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting tan precipitate is filtered off and dried; it consists of 198 parts of anilinobis-propionamide of about 95% purity, representing a yield of 80% of theory. Upon recrystallization from dioxane the anilino-bis-propionamide is obtained as while crystals, melting at 152 after drying.

Analysis-Nitrogen (Dumas) percent: Calculated for C12HnN O Found, 17.64.

EXAMPLE 7 2-Hydr0xyethylimino-Bis-Propionamide 156.4 parts of acrylamide (2.2 moles) are added to an aqueous soluton of ethanolamine, obtained by dissolving 61 parts of ethanolamine (1.0 mole) in 200 parts by volume of water. The reaction solution is then warmed at 70 to 80 for about 6 hours. The water is removed by distillation at about 15 mm. Hg pressure. The oily residue is then treated five times with about equal portions of acetone about 100 parts by volume each at 50 to 60 to remove acetone-soluble impurities. The acetoneimmiscible phase is then freed of solvent by heating initially at about 60 and at about 15 mm. Hg pressure and then finally at about 3 mm. Hg pressure for several hours to free the product of volatile impurities. The residual oil is soluble in water, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and butyl alcohols, as well as benzene, xylene and toluene, but is practically immiscible with acetone. The 2-hydroxyethylimino-bis-propionamide product is thus obtained in nearly quantitative yields as a viscous oil at 94.5% purity.

The percent application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Serial No. 777,587, filed December 2, 1958.

Having thus disclosed the invention, what is claimed is:

1. A tertiary-amino alkylated amide of the formula (H NCOCH CH N-lower alkylene- N- CH CH CONH 2 2. A tertiary-amino alkylated amide of the formula HZNGOOH OHZ CH CHzCONH,

N-lower alkylene-N-lower alkylene-N HQNGOOHZCH] HZCHQC ONH: CHgCHzCONH,

3. A tertiary-amino alkylated compound of the formula CH CHzCONH: Ri- -N OH CH GONH;

wherein R is lower alkoxyphenyl.

4. A tertiary-amino alkylated compound of the formula wherein R is hydroxyalkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive.

7. Ethylenediaminetetrapropionamide.

8. 2-hydroxyethylimino-bis-propionamide.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,411,662 Martin et al Nov. 26, 1946 2,480,439 Bersworth Aug. 30, 1949 2,844,629 Bruce et a1. July 22, 1958 2,856,427 Bruce et al. Oct. 14, 1958 2,921,085 Schramm Jan. 12, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 242,950 Switzerland Nov. 16, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Franchimont et a1.: Travaux Chimiques des' Pags, Bas, vol. 36, pages -109, page relied on (1916),

Blumer: Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft Berichte, vol. 52B, pages 221-234, pages 223, 227, 230 and 231 relied on (1919). 

4. A TERTIARY-AMINO ALKYLATED COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA 